Structure and kinetic properties of slow-mode shocks associated with magnetic reconnection in the near-Earth magnetotail

We study the structure and kinetic properties of slow-mode shocks near the plasma sheet boundary layer (PSBL) associated with magnetic reconnection by Cluster observation. The presence of slow-mode shocks is confirmed by traditional Rankine–Hugoniot (RH) analysis and Monte-Carlo shock fitting method. The Walén analysis, applied to the tailward flow associated with slow-mode shocks, also supports that plasma was accelerated across a Petschek-type slow-mode shock connected to the diffusion region. Back-streaming ions were observed on the shock layer, and cold ions were accelerated and heated by slow-mode shocks. In addition, whistler and electrostatic solitary waves were observed around the slow-mode shocks. These waves might be excited by the observed field-aligned electron beams near the shocks.     

W波段FMCW体制ISAR系统成像及试验验证

毫米波雷达具有高分辨率、小型化、轻型化等特点,是现代雷达应用的一个重要发展方向。随着W波段元器件的突破,W波段逆合成孔径雷达(ISAR)系统的研究引起了世界发达国家的重视。W波段ISAR图像分辨率高,目标散射细节更丰富,可提高目标分类、识别精度,在军民领域均有很大的应用价值。介绍了一种W波段调频连续波(FMCW)体制ISAR系统,探讨了该体制ISAR系统性能并介绍了W波段FMCW ISAR成像处理算法。该系统发射信号中心频率为94 GHz,带宽为5 GHz。利用该系统开展了ISAR转台试验,并利用RD算法得到了ISAR系统初步成像结果。     

Electromagnetic waves observed by Venus Express at periapsis: Detection and analysis techniques

The magnetometer on Venus Express was designed to be able to obtain 128 Hz samples of the magnetic field from two sensors in a gradiometer configuration. This mode is used around periapsis to determine whether the signals reported at low altitudes near 100 Hz, had the properties of electromagnetic waves generated by electric discharges in the Venus atmosphere. The lack of a magnetic cleanliness program and the shortness of the magnetometer boom make this a challenging measurement. Fortunately the signals are sufficiently strong that they can be easily resolved with rather straightforward analysis techniques.     

Hale引理证明的修正

本文指出了著名的Ｈａｌｅ引理证明中的不足之处，并给以完善。     

Fe/O Ratios in Interplanetary Shock Accelerated Particles

It is widely accepted that diffusive shock acceleration is an important process in the heliosphere, in particular in producing the energetic particles associated with interplanetary shocks driven by coronal mass ejections. In its simplest formulation shock acceleration is expected to accelerate ions with higher mass to charge ratios less efficiently than those with lower mass to charge. Thus it is anticipated that the Fe/O ratio in shock-accelerated ion populations will decrease with increasing energy above some energy. We examine the circumstances of five interplanetary shocks that have been reported to have associated populations in which Fe/O increases with increasing energy. In each event, the situation is complex, with particle contributions from other sources in addition to the shock. Furthermore, we show that the Fe/O ratio in shock-accelerated ions can decrease even when the shock is traveling through an Fe-rich ambient ion population. Thus, although shock acceleration of an Fe-rich suprathermal population has been proposed to explain large Fe-rich solar particle events, we find no support for this proposal in these observations.     

Cosmic ray acceleration by supernova shocks

We analyse the results of recent measurements of nonthermal emission from individual supernova remnants (SNRs) and their correspondence to the nonlinear kinetic theory of cosmic ray (CR) acceleration in SNRs. It is shown that the theory fits these data in a satisfactory way and provides the strong evidences for the efficient CR production in SNRs accompanied by significant magnetic field amplification. Magnetic field amplification leads to considerable increase of CR maximum energy so that the spectrum of CRs accelerated in SNRs is consistent with the requirements for the formation of Galactic CR spectrum up to the energy ∼10¹⁷ eV.     

New evidence for strong non-thermal effects in Tycho’s supernova remnant

For the case of Tycho’s supernova remnant (SNR), we present the relation between the blast wave and contact discontinuity radii calculated within the nonlinear kinetic theory of cosmic ray (CR) acceleration in SNRs. It is demonstrated that these radii are confirmed by recently published Chandra measurements which show that the observed contact discontinuity radius is very close to the shock radius. Therefore a consistent explanation of these observations can be given in terms of efficient CR acceleration which makes the medium more compressible.     

Study of backward propagating Langmuir waves with PIC simulation

The conversion of Langmuir waves into electromagnetic radiations is an important mechanism of solar type III bursts. Langmuir waves can be easily excited by electron beam instability, and they can be converted into backward propagating Langmuir waves by wave–wave interaction. Generally, the backward propagating Langmuir waves are very important for the second harmonic emission of solar type III bursts. In this work, we pay particular attention to the mechanism of the backward propagating Langmuir waves by particle in cell (PIC) simulations. It is confirmed that the ions play a key role in exiting the backward propagating Langmuir waves. Moreover, the electron beam can hardly generated the backward propagating Langmuir waves directly, but may directly amplify the second harmonic Langmuir waves.     

Stationary flow fields prediction of variable physical domain based on proper orthogonal decomposition and kriging surrogate model

In this paper a new flow field prediction method which is independent of the governing equations, is developed to predict stationary flow fields of variable physical domain. Predicted flow fields come from linear superposition of selected basis modes generated by proper orthogonal decomposition(POD). Instead of traditional projection methods, kriging surrogate model is used to calculate the superposition coefficients through building approximate function relationships between profile geometry parameters of physical domain and these coefficients. In this context,the problem which troubles the traditional POD-projection method due to viscosity and compressibility has been avoided in the whole process. Moreover, there are no constraints for the inner product form, so two forms of simple ones are applied to improving computational efficiency and cope with variable physical domain problem. An iterative algorithm is developed to determine how many basis modes ranking front should be used in the prediction. Testing results prove the feasibility of this new method for subsonic flow field, but also prove that it is not proper for transonic flow field because of the poor predicted shock waves.     

Al/Mg阻抗梯度材料超高速撞击机理数值仿真研究

文章采用数值仿真方法研究了Al/Mg阻抗梯度材料在超高速撞击下的响应过程,分析了冲击波在阻抗梯度材料中的传播规律,计算了撞击过程中的能量耗散情况,并与弹丸撞击铝合金靶的结果进行了比较。研究结果表明,相对于铝合金材料,Al/Mg阻抗梯度材料：1）延长了冲击波的传播时间,使峰值压力脉冲的比冲量提升了30%～50%;2）提高了塑性功和内能转化量,使不可逆功增加了10%。由此证明阻抗梯度材料的防护性能优于铝合金。